68 Cardiology

Emmy Okello

Cardiology is changing, the burden is switching from infectious disease to NCDs

80% of premature deaths occur in LOMI

68.1 CVD

Causes around 1/10 deaths in Uganda

68.1.1 Risk Factors

• Air Pollution - disproportionately affects east africa
• Inactivity
• Salt
• Tobacco
• HTN
• DM
• Obesity

68.2 HTN

Prevalence of HTN in Uganda is ~20-30%

Only 1/10 are aware they have HTN

Stroke increased 50% from 1990 to 2010 in SSA

Affects relatively young people in SSA

68.3 Rheumatic Heart Disease

Prevalence around 3% in Uganda. This is from screening asymptomatic school children

More common in women than in men

3 Million people living with RHD worldwide

~350,000 annual deaths

Majority of cases and deaths in SSA

Most present with Acute Heart Failure, some with NYHA III/IV

1 year mortality rate after diagnosis almost 20%

Around 1% of women have rheumatic heart disease during pregnancy. And 1/4 need treatment for heart failure in pregnancy. This contributes to poor foetal/maternal outcomes.

68.4 CAD

CAD is common in East Africa.

MI contributes to 20% of CVD mortality.